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Timeline
| 1874 |
Ehrich Weiss (Harry
Houdini) born to Rabbi Mayer Samuel Weiss and his wife Cecelia on March
24 in Budapest, Hungary.
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| 1878 |
Weiss family joins Rabbi
Weiss in Appleton, Wisconsin, where he leads a small Reform
congregation.
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| 1883 |
At age nine, Ehrich and
some neighborhood friends establish a five-cent circus. Wearing red
woolen stockings, he bills himself as "Ehrich, The Prince of the
Air."
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| 1887 |
After a series of
failures in the Midwest, Rabbi Weiss brings Ehrich with him to New York
City, where they live in a boardinghouse on East Seventy-ninth Street.
Ehrich works a variety of jobs to help support the family.
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| 1891 |
Ehrich
teams up with Jacob Hyman, a friend from his job at a neckwear cutting
firm, in a magic act they call "The Brothers Houdini." Ehrich,
known as Ehrie, starts calling himself "Harry Houdini."
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| 1892 |
Rabbi Weiss dies on
October 5 at the age of 63.
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| 1893 |
The Brothers Houdini
perform on the Midway at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago.
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| 1893 |
Jacob Hyman leaves The
Brothers Houdini and is replaced briefly by Harry's brother Theodore, or
Dash. That summer, Harry meets fellow performer Wilhelmina Beatrice
Rahner, and after a three-week courtship Harry and eighteen-year-old
"Bess" are married. Bess replaces Dash, and the act becomes
known simply as "The Houdinis."
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| 1895 |
The
Houdinis achieve some success with their signature number, "The
Metamorphosis," in which they trade places in a locked trunk. Harry
also begins experimenting with public handcuff escapes, including
exhibitions for police and reporters.
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| 1898 |
Harry and Bess return to
New York to live with his mother. By the end of the year, a frustrated
Houdini is considering leaving show business, and mails out a
sixteen-page catalogue for "Harry Houdini's School of Magic."
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| 1899 |
After
struggling for six years, Houdini catches his big break. Theater manager
Martin Beck sees his handcuff act in St. Paul, and wires several days
later: "You can open Omaha March 26 sixty dollars, will see act
probably make you proposition for all next season." Within months,
Beck has Houdini in demand at top vaudeville houses across the country.
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| 1900 |
"The King of Handcuffs" sets sail for England,
hoping to meet with as much success in Europe as he had enjoyed over the
last year in America. He would spend the bulk of the next five years
overseas, becoming a truly international star.
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In September, Houdini is stripped naked before three
hundred German policemen in Berlin and escapes in six minutes. The
consummate publicist, he was soon advertising himself as "the only
artist in the history of Europe to whom the German police have given the
Imperial certificates."
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| 1902 |
In Cologne, Germany, Houdini brings a slander suit against
a local newspaper and a police officer who accused him of bribery and
fraud. He won the case, but only by showing the court some of his escape
methods.
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A body builder named Hodgson responds to Houdini’s open
challenge in Blackburn, England. The hour and forty minute struggle to
free himself from the irons completely exhausts Houdini, who is covered in
bloody welts by the end of the evening.
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| 1904 |
Houdini
performs his legendary "Mirror Cuff" escape at the London
Hippodrome. It had taken a Birmingham blacksmith five years to build the
cuffs, which featured an impossible-to-pick set of nesting Bramah locks.
The challenge is big news in the press for weeks. After an hour-long
struggle, Houdini emerges free from the cuffs and is carried away in
triumph by the adoring crowd.
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| 1905 |
Houdini buys a seven acre farm in Stamford, Connecticut and
an elegant brownstone in fashionable Harlem. His mother, sister, and two
brothers move into the brownstone, which would serve as Houdini’s home
base for years.
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| 1906 |
Houdini makes a splash with his widely publicized escape
from the Washington, D.C. jail that once held Charles Guiteau, the
assassin of President James A. Garfield.
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| 1907 |
The first of Houdini’s "manacled bridge jumps"
is captured on film in Rochester, New York. After the jump, Houdini
proudly writes in his diary, "Ma saw me jump!"
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| 1908 |
Houdini begins performing his celebrated milk can escape.
Ever the master showman, he reminds the audience in his ads that
"Failure Means a Drowning Death."
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Houdini publishes his controversial book, "The
Unmasking of Robert-Houdin."
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| 1910 |
Houdini makes the first "real" flight on the
continent of Australia, piloting his Voison on a sustained flight of three
and a half minutes.
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| 1912 |
Houdini
performs his underwater box escape in New York's East River before a huge
crowd. "Scientific American" magazine pronounces it "one of
the most remarkable tricks ever performed."
In September, Houdini debuts his famous Chinese Water Torture Cell escape
at the Circus Busch in Berlin.
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| 1913 |
Houdini legally changes his name from Ehrich Weiss to Harry
Houdini.
On July 17, Cecilia Weiss dies. Houdini faints upon receiving the news
after a performance for the royal family in Sweden.
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Sailing back to America, Houdini amazes former President
Theodore Roosevelt with a spiritualist trick on board ship.
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| 1915 |
During a performance at the Los Angeles Orpheum, Houdini
argues with celebrated world heavyweight boxing champ Jess Willard, who
had refused his invitation to join the committee on stage. After Willard
insults him, Houdini wins the crowd with his retort, "I will be Harry
Houdini when you are not the heavyweight champion of the world."
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| 1917 |
Houdini lures master magician Harry Kellar out of
retirement to perform in a benefit at the New York Hippodrome for the
families of the men killed when a German U-boat sank the transport
"Antilles."
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| 1918 |
In the longest run of his career -- lasting nineteen weeks
-- Houdini stars in the patriotic extravaganza "Cheer Up" at the
New York Hippodrome. The highlights of his act are the vanishing elephant
trick and an indoor version of his underwater box escape.
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Houdini is involved in a romantic affair with Charmian
London, the widow of writer Jack London, who had died in 1916.
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Houdini makes his first motion picture -- the fifteen
episode serial "The Master Mystery." Despite his wooden acting,
audiences are thrilled by his stunts and he becomes an even bigger
international star.
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| 1920 |
The 1920 edition of Funk & Wagnall's dictionary
includes the verb "hou-di-nize," meaning "to release or
extricate oneself from (confinement, bonds, or the like), as by wriggling
out."
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Houdini
forms his own production company, the Houdini Picture Corporation. Houdini
starts writing "The Man from Beyond," which would premiere in
1922.
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| 1922 |
Vacationing with Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and his family in
Atlantic City, Houdini attends a séance with Lady Doyle, who claims to
channel automatic-writing from Houdini’s mother. Houdini is not
convinced, and the incident marks the beginning of the end of his
friendship with the world-famous author and leading proponent of
Spiritualism.
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| 1924 |
In July, Houdini has his first sittings with the celebrated
Boston medium Mina Crandon, aka "Margery." Houdini, convinced
Margery is a fake, feuds with her and more sympathetic colleagues on the
"Scientific American" panel charged with evaluating her gifts.
The case receives wide coverage in the press.
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| 1925 |
In
early January Houdini challenges Margery to appear with him at Boston’s
Symphony Hall. When she declines, Houdini stages a séance to expose her
methods. In February, the "Scientific American" panel votes to
deny her the prize, tepidly saying, "We have observed no phenomena of
which we can assert that they could not have been produced by normal
means." In November, however, Houdini is vindicated by an article in
"Atlantic Monthly." In it, a Harvard graduate student in
psychology discredits Margery by catching her in a clear deception.
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Houdini’s career-long search for theatrical
respectability ends with his own Broadway show at the end of the year.
Running two and a half hours, "HOUDINI" is easily the longest
show he has ever done. The second and third acts, featuring some of his
most famous escapes and an exposé of Spiritualism, respectively, are
vintage Houdini. But the hour-long first act, featuring fifteen tricks and
illusions, is a real departure for him. As biographer Kenneth Silverman
writes, "... after a lifetime in magic, it marked his professional
debut as a magician."
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| 1926 |
In February and May, Houdini testifies before Senate and
House subcommittees for a bill aimed at prosecuting anyone
"pretending to tell fortunes for reward or compensation."
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On August 5th, Houdini outdoes Egyptian fakir Rahman Bey by
staying submerged in an airtight bronze coffin for one hour and thirty
minutes. Houdini responds to charges that the coffin was rigged by saying,
"there is no invention to it, there is no trick, there is no fake;
you simply lie down in a coffin and breathe quietly."
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Houdini
dies in Detroit on Halloween, from complications of appendicitis. Several
days earlier, he had been struck in the stomach by a student in his
dressing room, then refused to cancel his shows until it was too late. His
death triggers mourning and tributes around the world.
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Houdini's funeral
was held on November 4th at the Elks
Clubhouse on West Forty-third Street in New York. As many as two thousand
mourners packed the ballroom, and the event was widely covered. According to
his instructions, he was buried with his head resting on a packet of
letters from his mother.
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